|
|
|
| Party |
|
Costs |
|
Benefits |
|
|
|
|
| Study subject |
|
-Direct costs
Changes in use of health care resources
(e.g., consumption of substances, drugs
and services, treatment of possible ADR)
Changes in use of patient time (e.g., travel
and waiting time due to frequent visits,
time for informed consent)
-(Productivity costs) |
|
-Value of volunteerism
-Value of positive outcome (ex post)
Life-saved
Productivity saved
-Value of closer relationship with medical
staff |
|
|
|
|
| Sponsor |
|
-Resources allocated to a clinical trial
(e.g., monitors, auditors) |
|
-Value of clinical data a
Study reports
Published articles
-(Know-how or positive externality) |
|
|
|
|
| Investigator |
|
-Direct costs
(Changes in use of health care resources a)
Changes in use of investigator time
-(Productivity costs) |
|
-Value of clinical data a
Study reports
Articles
- (‘Prestige’) |
|
|
|
|
Public
(Patients) |
|
|
|
-(Value of therapeutic effects of mar-
keted drugs (occurred downstream;
should be discounted; determines the
value of data for the sponsor and the
investigator)) a |
|
|
|
|